铂金坩埚的基本识别方法与铂金坩埚说明书
The operation instruction of platinum crucible
铂金坩埚又名白金坩埚、铂坩埚,铂金坩埚使用旋压机旋压制作而成,纯度Pt≥99.95%,表面光亮,厚度均匀,产品配套相同材质的铂金 盖,常用于实验室分析,铂金坩埚主要用于在高达1600 °C温度条件下测量TGA。 它是在高温条件下测定Cp的选坩埚。然而,铂金坩埚怎么识别?
铂金坩埚的基本识别方法
色泽
铂金坩埚颜色呈银白色至灰白色,界于白银与镍的颜色之间。白银光泽洁白,容易被氧化带黑点或呈黑色;铂金表面质地细腻光滑。
铂金比重是21.45g/cm?,白银的比重为10.49g/cm?。用手掂量同等大小的铂金和白银制品,就会发现它们的差别,铂金视觉上有澄坠感,而白银有轻飘感(类似于铝的感觉)。
折弯
纯净的铂金容易折弯和掰直还原,质地很软较易变形;成色较低的,性硬且脆,弯折费力。
听音
敲击时,若发出“托托”声音而无韵者,则是较纯的铂金;若发出“叮叮”尖声,有声有韵者,则是纯度较低的铂金。
水银抹试
利用铂金不吸水银的性质,在试金石磨道上涂水银。若吸水银,则是用黄金、白银和铂配制的K白金。
硝酸加盐试验
将待鉴定的铂金制品在试金石上磨道,在磨道上盖一层食盐,不必盖严;然后,在食盐上滴上硝酸,湿透为止;再在食盐上加一些热纸烟灰,起催化作用。在20分钟以后,用清水冲洗食盐和硝酸。干后,正看侧看。若均无变化,则其成色在99%左右;若微有酸痕,则其成色在95%左右;若硝酸痕迹较大,则其成色在80~90%左右;若磨道被腐蚀掉一层,痕迹变为灰色,则其成色在 70%左右;若残迹全部消失,则是假铂金。如:硝酸倒入铂金坩埚是不起反应的,到在钯金、银制品、假冒伪劣制品上颜色变化发黑。
双氧水反应法
铂金是很好的催化剂,具有特的催化作用。利用这一特性,可快速鉴定铂金。常用双氧水反应法。具体方法是:取少许待测铂金(粉末状),置于盛双氧水(H2O2)的塑料瓶中,若系铂金则双氧水立即白浪翻滚起泡,分解出大量氧气,反应后的铂金仍原封不动,还可回收(它只起加速分解作用);若是假铂金或其它白色金属,如铅、银、铝等,则无此反应。
其它
以上只是一些简单的快速鉴定的方法,铂金以银白色的颜色和条痕,硬度4~ 4.5,比重21.45g/cm?,化学性质稳定,不溶于普通酸类为其鉴定特征,还是比较容易与相似金属相区分。
科学的方法是通过一些专业的检测机构使用仪器鉴定铂金坩埚的纯度。
铂金坩埚说明书
1、铂是一种贵重金属,熔点约为1770度,质软,使用时不要用手捏,以防变形。也不能用玻璃棒捣刮铂坩埚内壁,以防损伤。也不要将红热的铂坩埚放人冷1770铂是一种贵重金属,熔点约为水中骤冷。
Platinum is a precious metal, melting point is about 1770 degrees, soft, do not use the hand to prevent deformation. Also can not use the glass rod to scratch platinum crucible inner wall, to prevent damage. Also do not put the red hot platinum crucible in cold water cold.
2、铂坩埚的加热和灼烧,均应在垫有石棉板或陶瓷板的电炉或电热板上进行,或在煤气灯的氧化焰上进行,不能与电炉丝、铁板及还原焰接触,因为在高温下铁易与铂形成合金,还原性气体能与铂形成碳化铂,使铂坩埚变脆。滤纸如在铂坩埚中灼烷,应在低温和空气充足的情况下,让炭化的滤纸完全燃烧后,才能提高温度。
The heating and burning of platinum crucible shall be carried out on an electric furnace or electric heating board with a stone or ceramic plate, or on the oxidizing flame of a gas lamp, and shall not be in contact with the furnace wire, iron plate and return flame, Because iron is easy to form alloy with platinum at high temperature, reducing gas can form platinum carbide with platinum, making platinum crucible brittle. If the filter paper is cauterized in a platinum crucible, the temperature should be raised only after the carbonized filter paper is completely burned at low temperature and sufficient air.
3、铅、铋、锑、锡、银、汞的化合物、硫化物、磷和砷的化合物等,在高温时容易被滤纸的炭或火馅的还原气体还原为相应的金属和非金属元素,它们与铂形 成合金或化合物,从而损坏铂坩埚。所以,上述金属和非金属及其化合物不能在铂坩埚内灼烧或熔触。
Metallic easily are which etc., compounds, arsenic and phosphorous sulphides, compounds, mercury silver, tin, antimony, bismuth, lead, gases reducing fire-filled the carbon or by non-metallic elements metallic and temperatures to the corresponding high at reduced filter of paper, which form alloys or compounds with platinum, Thus the platinum crucible is damaged. Therefore, the above-mentioned metals and non-metals and their compounds cannot be burned or melted in a platinum crucible.
4、 卤素和能析出卤素的物质如王水、HCI,以及某些氧化剂的混合物,对铂坩埚均有侵蚀作用。
Halogen and compounds capable of precipitating halogen, such as aqua regia and HCI, as well as mixtures of some oxidants, have corrosive effects on platinum crucible.
5、碱金属氧化物、氢氧化物、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氰化物、氧化钡等在高温熔融时能侵蚀铂坩埚。用碳酸钠和碳酸钾,对铂坩埚无侵蚀作用。
corrode can on so and oxide barium cyanide, nitrite, nitrate, hydroxide, oxide, metal alkali high at melting when crucible platinum temperature. Sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate have no erosive effect on platinum crucible.
6、组分不明的试样不能使用铂坩埚加热或熔融。
Samples with unknown components cannot be heated or melted in platinum crucible.
7、分钟,假使用焦硫酸钾处5—10溶液煮沸清洗。如清洗不净,可用焦硫酸钾低温熔融1:1HCl铂坩埚内、外壁应经常保持清洁和光亮。使用过的铂坩埚可用筛孔以上的海沙加水润湿后,轻轻擦拭铂坩埚以恢复其表面的光泽。 100理无效,可用碳酸钠或硼砂熔融。如仍有污点,则可用沙布包
Inside the platinum crucible, the outer wall should always be clean and bright. The used platinum crucible can be boiled in 1: 1 HCl solution.
If cleaning is not clean, can use potassium pyrosulfate low temperature melting 5-10 minutes, false use of potassium pyrosulfate treatment is ineffective, can use sodium carbonate or borax melting. If there are still stains, sand cloth can be used to pack 100 sieve above the sand water wetting, gently wipe the platinum crucible to restore its surface luster.
8、热的铂坩埚要用铂坩埚夹取。
The hot platinum crucible shall be clamped with a platinum crucible. 9、铂坩埚变形时,可放在木板上,一边滚动,一边用牛角匙压坩埚内壁整形。
When the platinum crucible is deformed , the crucible can be placed on the board while rolling , and the inner wall of the crucible is shaped with a horn key .
10、红热的银坩埚不能用水骤冷,以免产生裂纹。
The red-hot silver crucible cannot be quenched with water to avoid cracks.